Glura M Xr 500

GLURA M XR 500

GLURA M XR 500 is a prescription medication manufactured by ERIS LIFESCIENCES LIMITED, used in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults. The "XR" designation indicates an extended-release formulation, designed to provide a sustained effect.

Composition

GLURA M XR 500 contains a combination of two active ingredients:

• Sitagliptin (50 mg): A dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor that works by increasing the levels of natural substances called incretins. These hormones help stimulate insulin synthesis and release after meals and decrease glucagon levels, thereby controlling blood sugar spikes.
• Metformin (500 mg): A biguanide that primarily reduces glucose production in the liver, decreases glucose absorption from the intestines, and improves the body's sensitivity to insulin.

Uses

GLURA M XR 500 is prescribed for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus to help control high blood sugar levels. It is used in conjunction with a healthy diet, regular exercise, and weight management. The medication works to improve overall glycemic control, reduce both fasting and post-meal blood sugar levels, and enhance the body's response to insulin. By effectively managing blood sugar, GLURA M XR 500 helps prevent or reduce the risk of serious long-term diabetes complications such as kidney damage, eye damage (retinopathy), nerve problems (neuropathy), limb loss, heart disease, and stroke.

Dosage and Administration

This medication is for oral administration. Tablets should be swallowed whole with a glass of water and not crushed, chewed, or split. It is typically taken with meals to minimize gastrointestinal upset. The exact dosage and frequency (usually once or twice daily) will be determined by a healthcare professional based on the patient's condition, blood sugar levels, and other concurrent medications. For optimal results, it is important to take the medicine regularly at the same time each day and not discontinue it without consulting a doctor.

Side Effects

Common side effects may include:

• Diarrhea
• Headache
• Nausea and Vomiting
• Upset stomach, indigestion, gas, and bloating
• Upper respiratory tract infection
• Weakness
• Changes in taste
• Decreased appetite
• Joint pain

Serious side effects, though less common, can include:

• Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar): Especially when used with other diabetes medications like insulin or sulfonylureas. Symptoms include dizziness, sweating, hunger pangs, palpitations, and dry mouth.
• Lactic Acidosis: A rare but serious metabolic complication associated with metformin, particularly in patients with kidney problems, the elderly, or those who consume excessive alcohol. Symptoms include muscle pain or weakness, dizziness, tiredness, difficulty breathing, and stomach pain.
• Vitamin B12 deficiency: Prolonged use of metformin can interfere with vitamin B12 absorption, potentially leading to anemia and nerve issues.
• Acute pancreatitis: May occur with prolonged use.

Precautions

• Allergies: Contraindicated in individuals with known allergies to sitagliptin, metformin, or any other components of the tablet.
• Kidney/Liver Impairment: Not recommended in severe kidney or liver disease. Use with caution in patients with kidney or liver problems, with regular monitoring of kidney and liver function tests. Dose adjustment may be necessary.
• Heart Conditions: Caution is advised in patients with congestive heart failure.
• Type 1 Diabetes/Ketoacidosis: Not indicated for type 1 diabetes mellitus or diabetic ketoacidosis.
• Alcohol Consumption: Limit alcohol intake as it increases the risk of lactic acidosis.
• Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Generally not recommended during pregnancy or breastfeeding unless the potential benefits outweigh the risks. Consult a doctor.
• Drug Interactions: Inform your doctor about all other medications, supplements, or herbal products being taken, especially other antidiabetic medicines, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, or insulin secretagogues, to avoid potential interactions and adverse effects like hypoglycemia or lactic acidosis.
• Other Conditions: Inform your doctor if you have a history of pancreatitis, severe systemic infections, dehydration, or are scheduled for surgery.
• Monitoring: Regular monitoring of blood sugar levels and kidney function is essential during treatment.
• Driving/Operating Machinery: Avoid these activities if you experience dizziness or feel unwell after taking the medicine.

Storage

Store GLURA M XR 500 in a cool and dry place, typically below 30°C, away from direct sunlight. Keep out of sight and reach of children and pets.

Frequently Asked Questions about GLURA M XR 500

What is GLURA M XR 500 used for?

GLURA M XR 500 is a combination medication primarily used to manage blood sugar levels in adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. It is typically prescribed alongside a healthy diet and regular exercise. This medicine helps prevent serious diabetes-related complications such as kidney damage, eye damage (retinopathy), nerve problems (neuropathy), and cardiovascular issues like heart attack or stroke.

How does GLURA M XR 500 work?

GLURA M XR 500 contains two active ingredients: Sitagliptin and Metformin. Sitagliptin works by increasing the levels of natural hormones called incretins (GLP-1 and GIP), which stimulate the pancreas to release more insulin after meals and reduce glucagon production, thereby lowering blood sugar. Metformin reduces the amount of glucose produced by the liver, decreases the absorption of glucose from the intestines, and enhances the body's sensitivity to insulin. Together, these actions lead to better control of blood sugar levels.

What is the usual dosage for GLURA M XR 500?

GLURA M XR 500 is typically taken with meals to minimize stomach upset, and it is usually prescribed for twice-daily administration. It's crucial to swallow the tablet whole with a glass of water and not to crush, chew, or break it. Your doctor will determine the appropriate dosage based on your condition, blood sugar levels, and other medications you may be taking.

What are the possible side effects of GLURA M XR 500?

Common side effects can include hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), dizziness, sweating, hunger pangs, dry mouth, changes in taste, nausea, diarrhea, stomach pain, headache, vomiting, weakness, gas and bloating, indigestion, sore throat, stuffy nose, and joint pain.

More serious but rare side effects include lactic acidosis (a medical emergency characterized by muscle pain, weakness, dizziness, cold hands/feet, difficulty breathing, nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, or a slow heart rate), acute pancreatitis, severe allergic reactions (like hives, swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat, or severe blistering of the skin), and vitamin B12 deficiency with prolonged use. If you experience any severe or persistent side effects, contact your doctor immediately.

Is GLURA M XR 500 safe during pregnancy or breastfeeding?

GLURA M XR 500 is generally not recommended during pregnancy and should only be used if the potential benefit justifies the risk, under strict medical supervision. Poorly controlled blood sugar during pregnancy can harm the fetus. Similarly, it is not recommended during breastfeeding, as the drug may pass into breast milk and potentially harm the baby. Always consult your doctor if you are pregnant, planning to conceive, or breastfeeding.

Can GLURA M XR 500 be taken with other medications?

It is essential to inform your doctor about all prescription, over-the-counter medications, supplements, and herbal products you are taking to avoid potential drug interactions. Interactions can occur with:

• Other antidiabetic medications (e.g., insulin, sulfonylureas), increasing the risk of low blood sugar (hypoglycemia).
• Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (e.g., acetazolamide) which may increase the risk of lactic acidosis.
• Diuretics (e.g., furosemide) and certain calcium channel blockers (e.g., nifedipine) that can affect metformin levels.
• Alcohol can significantly increase the risk of lactic acidosis.

What precautions should be taken while using GLURA M XR 500?

• Do not stop taking GLURA M XR 500 suddenly without consulting your doctor, as this can lead to an increase in blood sugar levels.
• Avoid this medication if you have Type 1 diabetes or diabetic ketoacidosis.
• Use with caution if you have kidney or liver disease; it is contraindicated in severe cases. Your doctor may recommend regular monitoring of kidney function.
• Limit or avoid alcohol consumption.
• Regularly monitor your blood sugar levels as advised by your doctor.
• Carry a fast-acting source of sugar (e.g., glucose tablets, fruit juice) to treat potential low blood sugar episodes.
• If you experience dizziness or drowsiness, avoid driving or operating heavy machinery.
• This medicine is not recommended for children and adolescents under 18 years of age.

What happens if a dose of GLURA M XR 500 is missed?

If you miss a dose of GLURA M XR 500, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for your next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one.

How should GLURA M XR 500 be stored?

Store GLURA M XR 500 in a cool and dry place, away from direct sunlight, moisture, and heat. The recommended storage temperature is below 30°C. Keep this medicine out of the reach and sight of children and pets.