Clavam 1.2 G Injection

CLAVAM 1.2 G INJECTION

CLAVAM 1.2 G INJECTION, manufactured by ALKEM LABORATORIES LTD, is a potent antibiotic combination medication. It is also commonly referred to by its generic name, Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium Injection, or Co-amoxiclav.

Composition

Each vial of CLAVAM 1.2 G INJECTION contains a combination of two active ingredients:

• Amoxicillin: 1000 mg (as Amoxicillin Sodium)
• Clavulanic Acid: 200 mg (as Potassium Clavulanate)

Amoxicillin is a penicillin-type antibiotic that works by inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial cell walls, leading to bacterial death. Clavulanic acid is a beta-lactamase inhibitor that prevents bacteria from inactivating amoxicillin, thereby enhancing its antibacterial activity and effectiveness against resistant bacteria.

Uses

CLAVAM 1.2 G INJECTION is prescribed for the treatment of a wide range of bacterial infections in adults and children:

• Respiratory Tract Infections: Including pneumonia, acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, sinusitis, and middle ear infections (otitis media).
• Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs): Such as cystitis, pyelonephritis, and complicated UTIs.
• Skin and Soft Tissue Infections: Including cellulitis, abscesses, and wound infections.
• Bone and Joint Infections: Such as osteomyelitis.
• Intra-abdominal Infections.
• Gynecological Infections: Including endometritis and pelvic inflammatory disease.
• Dental Infections.
• Surgical Prophylaxis: To prevent infections associated with major surgeries, including those of the gastrointestinal tract, pelvic cavity, head and neck, biliary tract, kidney, heart, and joint replacements.

Dosage and Administration

CLAVAM 1.2 G INJECTION is administered intravenously (IV) by a qualified healthcare professional. Self-administration is strictly prohibited.

• Adults:
  • For severe infections, the usual dosage is 1.2 grams every 6 to 8 hours.
  • For less severe infections, the dosage might be adjusted to 1.2 grams every 8 to 12 hours.
  • For surgical prophylaxis, 1.2 grams may be given at the induction of anesthesia, with subsequent doses as needed for longer procedures.
• Pediatrics: Dosages are calculated based on the child's weight and the severity of the infection, and should be determined by a pediatrician or healthcare professional. The injection is typically given slowly over 30-40 minutes. Dosage adjustments may be necessary for patients with renal impairment, and caution is advised for those with hepatic impairment.

Side Effects

While generally well-tolerated, CLAVAM 1.2 G INJECTION can cause side effects:

• Common Side Effects: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, skin rash, itching, urticaria (hives), bloating, gas, pain and swelling at the injection site, and thrush (fungal infection).
• Serious Side Effects (Seek immediate medical attention):
  • Severe allergic reactions (e.g., swelling of the face, lips, or tongue, difficulty breathing, fever, joint pain, swollen lymph nodes, red or purple raised spots on the skin).
  • Watery diarrhea with blood or mucus, and abdominal pain (indicating inflammation of the large intestine).
  • Fits or convulsions.

Precautions

• Allergies: Do not use if allergic to amoxicillin, clavulanic acid, penicillin, or cephalosporins.
• Liver and Kidney Conditions: Use with caution in patients with liver or kidney problems. Dosage adjustments may be required for kidney impairment. Not recommended for severe kidney impairment or a history of liver problems/jaundice associated with penicillin antibiotics.
• Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Use with caution in pregnant and breastfeeding women; consult a doctor as it may pass into breast milk.
• Other Conditions: Use with caution in patients with glandular fever (infectious mononucleosis) due to an increased risk of rash, a history of convulsions, or inflammation of the large intestine.
• Alcohol: Limit or avoid alcohol consumption during treatment to prevent unpleasant side effects.
• Driving and Machinery: May cause dizziness; exercise caution when driving or operating machinery.
• Drug Interactions: Inform your doctor about all medications, including over-the-counter drugs and herbal supplements, as CLAVAM 1.2 G INJECTION may interact with medications such as allopurinol, probenecid, warfarin, methotrexate, and oral contraceptives.
• Complete Course: It is crucial to complete the full course of treatment as prescribed by your doctor, even if symptoms improve, to prevent the infection from recurring or developing antibiotic resistance.

Storage

Store in a cool and dry place, away from direct sunlight. Some sources recommend storage between 10ºC to 25ºC or below 30ºC, while others suggest refrigeration (2°C to 8°C) for the powder for injection. Protect from light. Once opened or reconstituted, use the medication immediately and discard any unused portion. Keep out of reach of children.

CLAVAM 1.2 G INJECTION is an antibiotic medication that combines Amoxicillin and Clavulanic Acid. This injectable formulation is designed for intravenous administration and is used to treat a wide range of bacterial infections.

What is CLAVAM 1.2 G INJECTION used for?

CLAVAM 1.2 G INJECTION is primarily used to manage moderate to severe bacterial infections. These include respiratory tract infections (like pneumonia, bronchitis, and sinusitis), urinary tract infections, skin and soft tissue infections (such as cellulitis and abscesses), intra-abdominal infections, septicaemia, bone and joint infections, and genital infections.,, It is also used to prevent infections associated with major surgeries (surgical prophylaxis).,,

How does CLAVAM 1.2 G INJECTION work?

CLAVAM 1.2 G INJECTION contains two active ingredients: Amoxicillin and Clavulanic Acid., Amoxicillin, a penicillin-type antibiotic, works by inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial cell walls, which leads to the death of the bacteria., Many bacteria produce enzymes called beta-lactamases that can inactivate amoxicillin. Clavulanic Acid is a beta-lactamase inhibitor that prevents these enzymes from breaking down amoxicillin, thereby enhancing its effectiveness against a broader spectrum of bacteria, including those resistant to amoxicillin alone.,,,

What is the usual dosage for CLAVAM 1.2 G INJECTION?

CLAVAM 1.2 G INJECTION is administered intravenously (IV) by a healthcare professional., For adults, the typical dosage ranges from 1.2 grams every 6 to 8 hours for severe infections, or 1.2 grams every 8 to 12 hours for less severe cases. For surgical prophylaxis, a dose of 1.2 grams is given at the induction of anesthesia., The precise dosage and duration of treatment depend on the type and severity of the infection, as well as the patient's age, weight, and kidney function.,

What are the possible side effects of CLAVAM 1.2 G INJECTION?

Common side effects may include diarrhoea, nausea, skin rash, urticaria (hives), vomiting, headache, and pain or swelling at the injection site., Other possible side effects include bloating, gas, and thrush (a fungal infection)., If you experience persistent or worsening side effects, contact your doctor promptly. More severe, but rare, side effects can include severe allergic reactions or inflammation of the large intestine (colitis), characterized by watery diarrhoea with blood or mucus, fever, and abdominal pain.

Is CLAVAM 1.2 G INJECTION safe during pregnancy or breastfeeding?

During pregnancy: Caution is advised, and CLAVAM 1.2 G INJECTION should only be used if clearly needed and if the potential benefits outweigh the risks. It is best to consult your doctor before taking this medicine if you are pregnant or planning a pregnancy.,, During breastfeeding: CLAVAM 1.2 G INJECTION is used cautiously because amoxicillin is excreted in breast milk., Lactating mothers should monitor their babies for symptoms such as fungal infections in the mouth or diarrhoea. Breastfeeding may need to be discontinued if such symptoms are observed in the baby. Always consult your doctor for advice.

Can CLAVAM 1.2 G INJECTION be taken with other medications?

CLAVAM 1.2 G INJECTION can interact with several other medications. For example, it may increase the levels of amoxicillin in the body when taken with probenecid., It can enhance the effects of anticoagulants like warfarin, potentially increasing the risk of bleeding., The medication may also decrease the excretion of methotrexate, leading to increased toxicity, and increase the risk of rash if used with allopurinol., Additionally, it may reduce the effectiveness of oral contraceptives, so additional contraception might be necessary., Inform your doctor about all medications you are currently taking, including over-the-counter drugs and herbal supplements.,

What precautions should be taken when using CLAVAM 1.2 G INJECTION?

Do not use CLAVAM 1.2 G INJECTION if you are allergic to amoxicillin, clavulanic acid, or any other penicillin or cephalosporin antibiotics.,, Use with caution if you have liver or kidney problems, as dosage adjustments may be necessary.,, Patients with glandular fever (infectious mononucleosis) have an increased risk of developing a skin rash., This medicine may cause dizziness, so caution is advised when driving or operating machinery., It is generally recommended to avoid or limit alcohol consumption during treatment as it can intensify certain side effects., It is crucial to complete the entire course of antibiotics as prescribed by your doctor, even if your symptoms improve, to prevent the infection from recurring and to reduce the risk of antibiotic resistance.,

What happens if a dose of CLAVAM 1.2 G INJECTION is missed?

Since CLAVAM 1.2 G INJECTION is administered by a healthcare professional, a missed dose is unlikely. However, if a dose is missed, it should be taken as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next scheduled dose, skip the missed one and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to compensate for a missed one.,

How should CLAVAM 1.2 G INJECTION be stored?

CLAVAM 1.2 G INJECTION should typically be stored in a refrigerator, between 2°C to 8°C., It should be protected from light and damp places, and it should not be frozen. Keep this medicine out of the sight and reach of children., Once reconstituted, the solution should be used promptly.