Pyzina 1gm

PYZINA 1GM by LUPIN LTD

Name:

• Brand Name: PYZINA 1GM
• Common Name: Pyrazinamide

Composition: PYZINA 1GM contains 1000 mg (1gm) of Pyrazinamide as its active ingredient.

Uses: PYZINA 1GM is primarily prescribed for the treatment of tuberculosis (TB), an infectious disease predominantly affecting the lungs but capable of impacting other body parts. It acts as an anti-tuberculosis agent by inhibiting the growth and survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This medication is typically used as part of a multidrug regimen to effectively treat and prevent the spread of the infection.

Dosage and Administration: PYZINA 1GM is an oral tablet. It can be taken with or without food, though taking it with food or a full glass of water is often recommended. The tablet should be swallowed whole without crushing or breaking.

• Adult Dosage: As part of a multidrug regimen for tuberculosis, the typical adult dose is 15-30 mg/kg once daily, not exceeding 2 grams per day. For standard unsupervised 2-month treatment, individuals weighing <50 kg may take 1.5 g daily, while those >50 kg may take 2 g daily. It is crucial to complete the entire prescribed course of treatment even if symptoms improve to prevent drug resistance and recurrence.

Side Effects:

• Common Side Effects: Nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, stomach upset, malaise, joint pain (arthralgia), muscle pain (myalgia), feeling tired or weak, skin rash, itching, and photosensitivity.
• Serious Side Effects: Potentially severe liver damage (hepatotoxicity, fulminant hepatitis, increased liver enzymes, jaundice, dark urine, yellowing of eyes or skin), and acute gout or hyperuricemia due to elevated uric acid levels.

Precautions:

• Contraindications: PYZINA 1GM is contraindicated in patients with hypersensitivity to pyrazinamide, active or severe liver disease, or acute gout.
• Warnings: Use with caution in patients with diabetes, a history of gout, or mild to moderate hepatic and renal impairment. Liver function tests and serum uric acid levels should be monitored regularly during treatment.
• Interactions: Avoid alcohol consumption due to an increased risk of liver toxicity. It may interact with uricosuric agents, hormonal contraceptives, oral typhoid vaccine, ciclosporin, and rifampicin.
• Pregnancy and Lactation: Consult a doctor before use during pregnancy or breastfeeding.

Storage: Store PYZINA 1GM in a cool, dry place, protected from moisture and direct sunlight. Keep out of the reach of children. Do not use the medicine beyond its expiry date.

What is PYZINA 1GM used for?

PYZINA 1GM, which contains the active ingredient Pyrazinamide, is an antibiotic primarily used to treat active tuberculosis (TB) in both adults and children. It is always used in combination with other anti-tuberculosis medications as part of a multidrug regimen. It is not typically recommended for latent tuberculosis or infections caused by viruses.

How does PYZINA 1GM work?

Pyrazinamide is a prodrug, meaning it's converted into its active form, pyrazinoic acid, inside the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria. This active form is thought to work by inhibiting the synthesis of fatty acids, which are crucial for bacterial growth, and by disrupting the bacteria's cell membrane and energy production, especially in acidic environments found during inflammation. This action helps to kill or stop the growth of the TB bacteria.

What is the usual dosage for PYZINA 1GM?

The usual adult dosage of Pyrazinamide is 15 to 30 milligrams (mg) per kilogram (kg) of body weight, taken once daily. The maximum daily dose should not exceed 2 grams (2000 mg) for daily regimens. For children, the typical dose is 35 mg/kg once daily. Dosage may also be adjusted for twice or thrice-weekly regimens, or in cases of renal impairment. It is crucial to follow your doctor's specific instructions, as doses are often individualized based on body weight and the treatment regimen.

What are the possible side effects of PYZINA 1GM?

Common side effects of Pyrazinamide include nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, mild muscle or joint pain (arthralgia), and fatigue. More serious side effects can occur, such as increased uric acid levels in the blood, which can precipitate gout flares (characterized by joint pain, stiffness, redness, or swelling). Liver damage (hepatotoxicity) is a significant concern, with symptoms including yellowing of the skin or eyes (jaundice), dark urine, clay-colored stools, upper stomach pain, itching, and unusual tiredness. Skin rash, fever, unusual bleeding or bruising, and difficult urination have also been reported. If you experience any severe or concerning side effects, contact your doctor immediately.

Is PYZINA 1GM safe during pregnancy or breastfeeding?

• Pregnancy: Pyrazinamide use during pregnancy has varying recommendations. In the US, it is generally used only if clearly needed, and it's categorized as Pregnancy Category C, meaning animal studies show adverse effects, but potential benefits might warrant its use despite potential risks. However, the World Health Organization (WHO) and some other countries commonly recommend its use during pregnancy, citing extensive clinical experience as safe. If you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant, discuss the risks and benefits with your doctor.
• Breastfeeding: Pyrazinamide passes into breast milk. While some information suggests potentially substantial levels in milk and advises caution, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and WHO generally state that breastfeeding should not be discouraged in women taking pyrazinamide. Breastfed infants should be monitored for signs of toxicity such as jaundice, hepatitis, or arthralgia.

Can PYZINA 1GM be taken with other medications?

Pyrazinamide must always be taken with other antituberculous drugs to prevent the development of drug resistance. It can interact with several medications, and it's important to inform your doctor about all prescription, over-the-counter, vitamin, nutritional, and herbal supplements you are taking. Notable interactions include those with allopurinol, probenecid (which may decrease probenecid's effects), cyclosporine (can decrease cyclosporine levels), and certain drugs that can also cause liver toxicity, such as rifampin, which may increase the risk of hepatotoxicity when combined with pyrazinamide. Additionally, pyrazinamide may reduce the effectiveness of hormonal contraceptives, so alternative birth control methods should be considered.

What precautions should be taken while taking PYZINA 1GM?

Before taking Pyrazinamide, inform your doctor if you have a history of liver disease, active gout, diabetes, kidney problems, or porphyria. It is important to avoid alcohol consumption while on this medication, as it can increase the risk of liver damage. Pyrazinamide can make your skin more sensitive to sunlight, so it's advisable to limit unnecessary sun exposure and use protective clothing, sunglasses, and sunscreen. Your doctor will likely conduct baseline and regular blood tests to monitor your liver function and uric acid levels during treatment. It is crucial to complete the entire prescribed course of treatment, even if your symptoms improve, to ensure the infection is fully cleared and to prevent the development of drug-resistant bacteria.

What happens if a dose of PYZINA 1GM is missed?

If you miss a dose of PYZINA 1GM, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for your next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one. Consistent dosing is important for effective treatment and to reduce the risk of the bacteria becoming resistant to the medicine.

How should PYZINA 1GM be stored?

PYZINA 1GM tablets should be stored in a well-closed container at controlled room temperature, typically between 15°C and 30°C (59°F and 86°F). It should be kept away from excessive heat, moisture, and direct light, and protected from freezing. Always keep this medicine out of the reach of children.